Compression Hosiery
Compression hosiery applies graduated pressure to the legs—strongest at the ankle, decreasing toward the thigh. This pressure gradient helps blood flow back to the heart, reducing swelling, fatigue, and risk of blood clots. Available from light fashion support to medical-grade prescription strength.
How Compression Works
Graduated compression creates a pressure gradient:
- Ankle: Maximum pressure (100% of stated compression)
- Calf: Decreased pressure (~70%)
- Thigh: Minimum pressure (~40%)
This gradient pushes blood upward against gravity, improving circulation and preventing pooling in the lower legs.
Compression Levels
Compression is measured in mmHg (millimeters of mercury):
| Level | mmHg | Use | Availability |
|---|---|---|---|
| Light | 8-15 | Tired legs, mild swelling, travel | Over-the-counter |
| Medium | 15-20 | Leg fatigue, minor varicose veins | Over-the-counter |
| Firm | 20-30 | Varicose veins, post-surgery, DVT prevention | OTC or prescription |
| Extra Firm | 30-40 | Severe venous disease, lymphedema | Usually prescription |
| Medical Grade | 40-50+ | Severe conditions | Prescription only |
Benefits of Compression
- Improved circulation: Blood flows more efficiently
- Reduced swelling: Prevents fluid buildup (edema)
- Less fatigue: Legs feel lighter, less tired
- DVT prevention: Reduces blood clot risk during travel/surgery
- Varicose vein relief: Slows progression, eases discomfort
- Athletic recovery: Speeds muscle recovery after exercise
Types of Compression Hosiery
Compression Pantyhose
Full coverage waist to toe. Often with control top for shaping plus leg compression.
Compression Stockings
Thigh-high compression, often with silicone stay-up band. Good for avoiding waistband pressure.
Compression Knee Highs
Most practical option—easy to wear under pants. Addresses the critical ankle-to-knee gradient.
Open-Toe Compression
No toe coverage—allows air circulation and works with open-toe shoes.
Fashion vs. Medical Compression
| Feature | Fashion Compression | Medical Compression |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure level | 8-15 mmHg typically | 15-50+ mmHg |
| Gradient precision | General gradient | Exact measured gradient |
| Appearance | Sheer, attractive | Often thicker, less sheer |
| Purpose | Comfort, mild support | Medical treatment |
| Fitting | General sizes | Precise measurements |
Who Should Wear Compression
- Travelers: Long flights/drives increase clot risk
- Standing workers: Nurses, teachers, retail—hours on feet
- Pregnant women: Increased venous pressure
- Athletes: Recovery and performance
- People with varicose veins: Symptom management
- Post-surgical patients: DVT prevention
Getting the Right Fit
Compression hosiery must fit properly to work:
- Measure in morning: Before legs swell
- Key measurements: Ankle, calf, thigh circumferences; leg length
- Follow size charts: Each brand's chart varies
- Medical grade: Should be fitted by professional
Caution
High compression (20+ mmHg) isn't for everyone. People with certain conditions (peripheral arterial disease, skin infections, nerve damage) should consult a doctor before wearing compression hosiery.